Quebec’s population growth is driven by immigration despite a record-low birth rate

Quebec’s population grew by 155,000 in 2024, mainly due to immigration, reaching 9.1 million despite a record-low fertility rate of 1.33 children per woman. Temporary residents, including 274,000 foreign workers, 180,000 asylum seekers, and 71,000 international students, fueled most of the increase. Premier François Legault seeks to reduce temporary immigration, citing pressure on housing and services. Meanwhile, deaths outnumbered births for the first time, with 78,800 deaths and 77,400 births. The province’s demographic weight in Canada dropped to 21.9%, and projections suggest Quebec could hit 10 million residents by 2054.

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